As part of the normal aging process in women, mestruation ceases completely at some point. The average age at which this event occurs is 51 even though the life span of women has increased substantially. Approximatley 5 million Canadian women currently face the health challenges posed by menopause.
Menopause results in diminishing levels of female hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This can cause a variety of physical symptoms including hot flashes, headache, dizziness, vaginal dryness and irritation, breast soreness and bladder problems. Fluxes in hormone levels may also precipitate mood swings and other distressing emotions such as anxiety, melancholy and decreased libido.
Additional health issues for menopausal women include increased risk of heart disease, osteoperosis and possibly colorectal cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Menopause & Lifestyle
Lifestyle can influence many features of menopause. Regular exercise improves circulation and reduces stress. Smoking cessation should be encouraged. Soy and flax products contain high levels of plant estrogens know as "phytoestrogens" and their consumption can decrease hot flashes and other symptoms. Other foods that may trigger hot flashes: caffeine, alcohol, spicy food and sweets should be consumed in limited amounts. Herbs such as dong quai, black cohosh and evening primose oil have been touted for symptomatic relief. Use of vitamin E also has its proponents. Osteoporosis prevention can be aided by eating whole grains, beans and vegetables. Mineral supplements containing calcium and magnesium are also useful. Osteoporosis is already regarded as a major health problem affecting as many as one in three Canadian women.
Prescriptions for Menopause
The development of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has allowed additional options in the management of menopause. Over the years there have been many studies indicating a lower risk of coronary heart disease among HRT users. Until ongoing clinical trials provide definative answers, the decision to take or not take HRT should take into account a woman's personal and family health history, as well as her lifestyle and risk factors for heart disease and storke. The decision should be made in consultation with a woman's family physician and pharmacist. Fractures due to osteoporosis are 50% less likely with HRT use. Hot flashes and other symptoms of menopause can be effectively controlled. Energy, mood, and a sense of well-being as well as sexual desire can be restored. The risk of Alzheimer's disease and colorectal cancer may be reduced. Concentration and memory can be imporved with HRT.
Recently a new class of drugs known as "Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators" or "SERMs" have been introduced in Canada. These drugs are designed to act like HRT in the prevention of osteoporosis and heart disease, while apparently lowering the incidence of breast cancer.
Menopause represents an important milestone in a women's life, a time when many health options need to be considered. Women need to make informed decisions. Whether or not you decide to take HRT, a SERM, or follow other treatment options, this is an excellent time to talk to your doctor and pharmacist about lifestyle changes. These lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your risk of heart disease, osteoporosis and breast cancer. Many of these changes may also help you manage the symptoms of menopause.
